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Python Summary
If you've worked through every lesson, here's what you can now do — and where to go next.
You can
- Read and write Python with confidence — variables, types, loops, comprehensions, classes.
- Use the standard library: JSON, regex, dates, files, exceptions, sqlite3.
- Structure code into modules and packages; install third-party packages with pip in a venv.
- Talk to the web with requests / httpx.
- Talk to databases — MySQL, MongoDB, SQLite.
- Do small data work with NumPy, pandas, matplotlib.
- Annotate code with type hints and run mypy.
Where to go next
| Direction | Why |
|---|---|
| asyncio | Concurrent I/O — web scrapers, network services. |
| Testing | pytest + fixtures + parametrize. |
| Web frameworks | FastAPI (modern), Django (batteries-included), Flask (minimal). |
| Data & ML | scikit-learn, PyTorch, polars. |
| Packaging | pyproject.toml, build, publishing to PyPI. |
| Profiling | cProfile, py-spy, %timeit in IPython. |
| Static analysis | ruff (linter), mypy / pyright (types), black (format). |
One last habit
Whenever you finish a Python script ask three questions:
- Could a standard-library module replace 20 lines of custom code?
- Would type hints catch the bugs I just spent debugging time on?
- Could a comprehension or generator replace this loop without losing clarity?
Tip: Read other people's code.
cpython/Lib is the standard library, written in clear Python — it's the best Python textbook in existence and it's free.Example
Example
# You can now: write classes, handle JSON, parse regex, talk to DBs.
# Next: virtualenvs, type hints, async, tests, packaging.
print('Time to build something real.')
Try it Yourself »
Exercise
Concurrent-I/O library to learn next.
import
Seven letters.
Test yourself
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