stop / start / rm

# ===== Stop =====
docker stop <name>           # SIGTERM, then SIGKILL after 10s (default)
docker stop -t 30 <name>     # 30s grace period
docker stop $(docker ps -q)  # all running

# ===== Kill (force) =====
docker kill <name>           # SIGKILL immediately
docker kill -s SIGUSR1 <name> # custom signal

# ===== Remove =====
docker rm <name>              # remove stopped container
docker rm -f <name>           # force stop + remove
docker rm -v <name>           # also remove anonymous volumes
docker rm $(docker ps -aq)    # all containers

# Cleanup all stopped:
docker container prune

# ===== Inspect first if unsure =====
docker ps -a --filter status=exited
docker inspect <name> | jq '.[0].State'

# ===== Images =====
docker images
docker rmi <image>            # remove an image
docker rmi -f <image>         # force; ignores child references

# Cleanup unused:
docker image prune            # untagged + dangling
docker image prune -a         # all images not used by a container

# ===== Volumes =====
docker volume ls
docker volume rm <name>
docker volume prune           # unused volumes

# ===== Networks =====
docker network ls
docker network rm <name>
docker network prune          # unused networks

# ===== System-wide cleanup =====
docker system df              # disk usage by category
docker system prune           # stopped containers + unused networks + dangling images
docker system prune -a        # PLUS unused images (more aggressive)
docker system prune --volumes # PLUS unused volumes (most aggressive)

# Specify time:
docker system prune --filter 'until=72h'   # only items older than 72h

# ===== Logs cleanup =====
# Container logs grow without bound by default. Configure log rotation:
docker run --log-driver json-file --log-opt max-size=10m --log-opt max-file=3 ...

# Truncate existing container logs:
echo "" | sudo tee $(docker inspect --format='{{.LogPath}}' <name>)

# ===== Auto-clean for development =====
# Use --rm on one-shots:
docker run --rm -it ubuntu bash

# Compose:
docker compose down       # stop + remove containers + networks
docker compose down -v    # also remove volumes (data loss!)

# ===== Graceful shutdown patterns =====
# Your container should handle SIGTERM and shut down cleanly within the grace period.
# Example Node.js:
process.on('SIGTERM', async () => {
  await server.close();
  process.exit(0);
});

# ===== Patterns to internalise =====
# - --rm for ephemeral runs (no leftover containers)
# - docker compose down for whole-stack teardown
# - Periodic 'docker system prune' on dev machines
# - Log rotation on every long-running container

# ===== Pitfalls =====
# - 'docker rm -f' loses any unsaved state in the container
# - 'docker system prune --volumes' deletes named volumes too (data loss)
# - Slow SIGTERM handlers -> SIGKILL after grace period; data corruption possible
# - Forgetting to remove volumes when removing containers (orphaned volumes)

docker stop api
docker start api
docker rm  api
docker rm  -f api